1. Crystal Oscillator: Hoʻohana nā oscillators Crystal i ka hopena piezoelectric o kahi aniani quartz e hana i kahi hōʻailona alapine paʻa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā mea uila like ʻole, e like me nā kamepiula, nā mea kamaʻilio, a me nā mea uila uila.
2. Ceramic Resonator: Hoʻohana nā resonators seramika i ka ceramic ma ke ʻano he mea dielectric a hoʻopiʻi ma o ka pilina ma waena o ka capacitance a me ka inductance. He paʻakikī kēia mau mea hana a haʻahaʻa -kuai, no laila e hoʻohana mau ʻia ia mau mea ma nā kaapuni alapine haʻahaʻa.
3. LC Oscillator: Loaʻa i nā oscillators LC kahi inductor (L) a me kahi capacitor (C). ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā waiwai o ka inductor a me ka capacitor e hoʻololi i ke alapine oscillation. He mea maʻalahi lākou e hana a kūpono i nā alapine ākea.